"It is not just about the last 8 years.
To assume that change will happen by just focusing on November 4 is a naive view of history and a adolescent understanding of democracy. On Nov. 4 people will elect a new administrator in the same system of power that perpetuates itself. There are bigger systems than the executive and the legislative at play here. On Nov. 4 the imbalanced of structure of representative “democracy” is will not be on the ballot. Nor there will be a vote about the position of hierarchical power of the wealthy elite (individual, coorporations, international trade organizations) whom live and operate outside national politics but benefit economically from it. There will be no option to vote about the myth of the USA as patriarchal leader and police of the world. These and more are some of the structures and foundations that need to be strongly questioned and challenge in order to bring real change.
Don’t get me wrong, I am fortunate to share with my daughter the historic time of having a black man and a woman running for office. Like many others I get excited by many of the statements and political platform from Senator Barack Obama, but that is not enough for me to believe there will be more than aesthetic modifications. While I think there will be certain alterations to the pattern of politics, economics and social services we’ve see in the past 8 years, that will not be enough to call it change.
The following is a brief list of USA military interventions in the Latin America. As you can see the list start way before year 2000. The same myths that fueled these and many other interventions still fueling the national identity of USA to this day.
Argentina | 1890 | Troops | Buenos Aires interests protected |
Chile | 1891 | Troops | Marines clash with nationalist rebels |
Haiti | 1891 | Troops | Black workers revolt on U.S.-claimed Navassa Island defeated |
Nicaragua | 1894 | Troops | Month-long occupation of Bluefields |
Panama | 1895 | Naval, troops | Marines land in Colombian province |
Nicaragua | 1896 | Troops | Marines land in port of Corinto |
Cuba | 1898- | Naval, troops | Seized from Spain, U.S. still holds Navy base at Guantanamo |
Puerto Rico | 1898- | Naval, troops | Seized from Spain, occupation continues |
Nicaragua | 1898 | Troops | Marines land at port of San Juan del Sur |
Nicaragua | 1899 | Troops | Marines land at port of Bluefields |
Honduras | 1903 | Troops | Marines intervene in revolution |
Dominican Republic | 1903-04 | Troops | U.S. interests protected in Revolution |
Cuba | 1906-09 | Troops | Marines land in democratic election |
Nicaragua | 1907 | Troops | “Dollar Diplomacy” protectorate set up |
Honduras | 1907 | Troops | Marines land during war with Nicaragua |
Panama | 1908 | Troops | Marines intervene in election contest |
Nicaragua | 1910 | Troops | Marines land in Bluefields and Corinto |
Honduras | 1911 | Troops | U.S. interests protected in civil war |
Cuba | 1912 | Troops | U.S. interests protected in Havana |
Panama | 1912 | Troops | Marines land during heated election |
Honduras | 1912 | Troops | Marines protect U.S. economic interests |
Nicaragua | 1912-33 | Troops, bombing | 20-year occupation, fought guerrillas |
Mexico | 1913 | Naval | Americans evacuated during revolution |
Dominican Republic | 1914 | Naval | Fight with rebels over Santo Domingo |
Mexico | 1914-18 | Naval, troops | Series of interventions against nationalists |
Haiti | 1914-34 | Troops, bombing | 19-year occupation after revolts |
Dominican Republic | 1916-24 | Troops | 8-year Marine occupation |
Cuba | 1917-33 | Troops | Military occupation, economic protectorate |
Panama | 1918-20 | Troops | “Police duty” during unrest after elections |
Honduras | 1919 | Troops | Marines land during election campaign |
Guatemala | 1920 | Troops | 2-week intervention against unionists |
Costa Rica | 1921 | Troops | |
Panama | 1921 | Troops | |
Honduras | 1924-25 | Troops | Landed twice during election strife |
Panama | 1925 | Troops | Marines suppress general strike |
El Salvador | 1932 | Naval | Warships sent during Faribundo Marti revolt |
Uruguay | 1947 | Nuclear threat | Bombers deployed as show of strength |
Puerto Rico | 1950 | Command operation | Independence rebellion crushed in Ponce |
Guatemala | 1954-? | Command operation, bombing, nuclear threat | CIA directs exile invasion and coup d’Etat after newly elected government nationalizes unused U.S.’s United Fruit Company lands; bombers based in Nicaragua; long-term result: 200,000 murdered |
Panama | 1958 | Troops | Flag protests erupt into confrontation |
Cuba | 1961 | Command operation | CIA-directed exile invasion fails |
Cuba | 1962 | Nuclear threat, naval | Blockade during missile crisis; near-war with Soviet Union |
Panama | 1964 | Troops | Panamanians shot for urging canal’s return |
Dominican Republic | 1965-66 | Troops, bombing | Marines land during election campaign |
Guatemala | 1966-67 | Command operation | Green Berets intervene against rebels |
Chile | 1973 | Command operation | CIA-backed coup ousts democratically elected Marxist president |
El Salvador | 1981-92 | Command operation, troops | Advisors, overflights aid anti-rebel war, soldiers briefly involved in hostage clash; long-term result: 75,000 murdered and destruction of popular movement |
Nicaragua | 1981-90 | Command operation, naval | CIA directs exile (Contra) invasions, plants harbor mines against revolution; result: 50,000 murdered |
Honduras | 1982-90 | Troops | Maneuvers help build bases near borders |
Grenada | 1983-84 | Troops, bombing | Invasion four years after revolution |
Bolivia | 1987 | Troops | Army assists raids on cocaine region |
Panama | 1989 | Troops, bombing | Nationalist government ousted by 27,000 soldiers, leaders arrested, 2000+ killed |
Haiti | 1994-95 | Troops, naval | Blockade against military government; troops restore President Aristide to office three years after coup |
Venezuela | 2002 | Command operation | Failed coup attempt to remove left-populist president Hugo Chavez |
Haiti | 2004- | Troops | Removal of democratically elected President Aristide; troops occupy country |
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